Friday, October 18, 2019
Effect of Culture on Expatriates Work Performance in the Hospitality Research Paper
Effect of Culture on Expatriates Work Performance in the Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example It is important to learn about the various cultures that are represented in the workplace and in the business environment before engaging in business in foreign countries as suggested by Cardy (2007). This is the case considering that it helps in reducing the risk of failure. Understanding other people’s and countries’ communication styles, social events, dress codes, greetings, and negotiation tactics are very important in fostering positive relationships with persons from foreign countries and cultures. In the hospitality industry like in any other economic sector, individuals and organizations are bound to encounter people from foreign environments. Foreigners come in the form of customers, suppliers and expatriates. Expatriates in the course of their work re expected to maintain high performance standards for the good of the companies for which they work and to warrant the high pay they receive. They are in effect expected to be role models and provide direction to local workers. As they work in foreign environments, expatriates encounter a number of challenges. One of the main challenges that they experience is dealing with people from various cultural backgrounds. In as much as they enjoy working in such environments, there is a possibility that the changes that they encounter and the unfamiliar environment may impact on their performance at work. Statement of the Problem In spite of the existence of literature related to the effects of cultural differences in the area of multicultural environments and work performance, very little study has been conducted with respect to the hotel industry. This is study is focused on finding out the effects of culture and cultural differences on expatriates’ work performance in the hospitality industry. Significance of the Study The results of this study will be very valuable to expatriates in their endeavor to succeed in the foreign environments in which they work. Based on the results of this stud y, management of hospitality industries and especially the human resource manager can come up with better ways ensuring that the expatriate fits in well in the company within the shortest duration and achieve high output as is always the desire of every business. Objectives Main Objective 1. To establish the effect of culture on expatriates’ work performance in the hospitality industry Specific objectives 1. To establish to the existence of expatriates in xxx city hotels and restaurants 2. To determine the challenges posed to expatriates at work as a result of cultural factors 3. To establish the performance of hotels and restaurants that are managed by expatriates 4. To establish the correlation between expatriate work performance and cultural differences with locals. Literature Review Expatriates and Work Performance An expatriate is an individual who resides in a foreign country and culture. However, in business terms, an expatriate is a professional sent by an organizatio n to work in a foreign country as opposed to staff who is locally employed. In many cases, expatriates are sent to work for subsidiaries of an organization or to work at it headquarters. Expatriates help businesses with a global presence to manage global structures and liaise with external partners and provide quality services to customers (Beaverstock, Derudder, Faulconbridge and Witlox (2009). According to Lee (2008), taking a foreign duty affects an individual’s professional and personal life. Such assignments subject expatriates to factors that prove stress such as ambiguity and uncertainty. Three main factors determine the success of expatriates in their work. These factors are communication ability, relation ability
Operation Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Operation Strategy - Essay Example The next step is making a Preliminary Analysis of the forecasting methods and techniques. This involves experimentation and verification. The next step is Choosing Models, whereby complex mathematical concepts like regressions, exponents and neural networks are integrated into the forecasting system. The final is Evaluating and Fine Tuning the system so that they are aligned to the ultimate business goals of the organization. In the high competition atmosphere of modern businesses a quality forecasting system can make all the difference between success and failure. Through complex and sophisticated forecasting techniques, businesses can gain key strategic advantages in their operations. Moments of truths are those brief periods of communication between the customer and a service provider where either a positive or negative response is generated. For example, in a retail store all points of contact between the customer and service personnel are considered moments of truth. These include check-in, enquiries about products, bill settlement, check-out, etc. Hence, understanding the concept of moment of truth is essential for good customer service. One of the ways in which customer goodwill can be generated is by anticipating points of interaction and developing protocols for the service team to follow. By paying attention to service design a business can convert accumulative moments of truth into brand loyalty. In the service industry the customer experience is usually not based on tangible factors. Instead they are constituted by first impressions, feeling of trust and confidence toward the service provider, etc. In other words, the customer experience is mostly based on qualitative factors and on quantitative aspects. It is for this fact that a well thought-out service design becomes imperative. Successful businesses embed of moments of truth into their service design to garner
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Philosophy of Nursing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Philosophy of Nursing - Coursework Example During those ages when women were confined within their homes and family life, nursing had become a household art. Progress of nursing has been influenced by the duties of women and their economic independence. In earliest times, nursing was associated with motherly care of infants and was termed as wet nurse. By the 16th century the meaning of nursing meant to attend and care for the sick (Donahue, 2010, pp.4,6). In early times it was believed that nurses required no formal education or training. They were unlicensed doctors, abortionists, midwives and counselors in the western history. For centuries, the nurses passed on their experiences to their neighbors or daughters. They were termed as â€Å"wise women†by the people. One early myth was that women were so trapped by their menstruation and reproduction cycles that they were not independent outside their homes. Another myth was that male professionals had superior technology. These myths were false since women were inherently healers for the poor. It was also found that male professionals depended more on ritualistic practices while women represented more humane approach to healing (Ehrenreich & English, pp.25,27). According to Jean Watson, professor of Nursing, â€Å"The nurse has a human responsibility to move beyond the patient’s immediate specific needs and help the patient reach his or her highest level of growth, mat urity and health†(Clarke, 2011, p.406). Professor Margaret Newman has stated all contrasting experiences are equal like pain and pleasure, failure and success etc. Although, spiritually this makes sense, this is not practical when practicing nursing especially in cases where patients seek recovery from illness (Clarke, 2011, p.406). The concept of nursing is often considered as informal care of patients and therefore most practicing nurses do not accept nursing models
Race in wold war II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Race in wold war II - Essay Example However, the situation at America and other European powers at home was same that consisted of discrimination against all ethnic minorities and their segregation from the mainstream of the society. When America announced its participation in Second World War, most of the members of the ethnic minorities were divided regarding joining army to defend their country. There were many members of ethnic minorities, who had joined in serving their country during World War I in hopes, that government would treat them equally after winning the war. However, the government did not fulfil their hopes (Jepson). Some people joined voluntarily, and some people were drafted in the service. However, the discrimination treatment continued in Army. Most of the Black people and others were assigned menial job. They were drivers, cooks and others. The officers and others continued to show contempt and discriminated against them at every given opportunity. There were very few black soldiers who fought side by side in Pacific or other war theatres. However, they proved to be very good organizers, and they changed the results in allies favour with their ingenuity. However, they were also discriminated against by the people whom they defended in Europe as well as in Pacific (Jefferson). The main aspect of life where the attitude towards the race affected in war was the indifference shown by the large number of members from ethnic minorities in America. There were very few people who were interested in joining defense services and serve their country (Jefferson). Most of the veterans who had participated in previous war stayed at home. The soldiers who learned organizational skills in the army used them to organize various movements back home for equal rights and facilities. Jefferson, Robert F. Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Operation Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Operation Strategy - Essay Example The next step is making a Preliminary Analysis of the forecasting methods and techniques. This involves experimentation and verification. The next step is Choosing Models, whereby complex mathematical concepts like regressions, exponents and neural networks are integrated into the forecasting system. The final is Evaluating and Fine Tuning the system so that they are aligned to the ultimate business goals of the organization. In the high competition atmosphere of modern businesses a quality forecasting system can make all the difference between success and failure. Through complex and sophisticated forecasting techniques, businesses can gain key strategic advantages in their operations. Moments of truths are those brief periods of communication between the customer and a service provider where either a positive or negative response is generated. For example, in a retail store all points of contact between the customer and service personnel are considered moments of truth. These include check-in, enquiries about products, bill settlement, check-out, etc. Hence, understanding the concept of moment of truth is essential for good customer service. One of the ways in which customer goodwill can be generated is by anticipating points of interaction and developing protocols for the service team to follow. By paying attention to service design a business can convert accumulative moments of truth into brand loyalty. In the service industry the customer experience is usually not based on tangible factors. Instead they are constituted by first impressions, feeling of trust and confidence toward the service provider, etc. In other words, the customer experience is mostly based on qualitative factors and on quantitative aspects. It is for this fact that a well thought-out service design becomes imperative. Successful businesses embed of moments of truth into their service design to garner
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Race in wold war II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Race in wold war II - Essay Example However, the situation at America and other European powers at home was same that consisted of discrimination against all ethnic minorities and their segregation from the mainstream of the society. When America announced its participation in Second World War, most of the members of the ethnic minorities were divided regarding joining army to defend their country. There were many members of ethnic minorities, who had joined in serving their country during World War I in hopes, that government would treat them equally after winning the war. However, the government did not fulfil their hopes (Jepson). Some people joined voluntarily, and some people were drafted in the service. However, the discrimination treatment continued in Army. Most of the Black people and others were assigned menial job. They were drivers, cooks and others. The officers and others continued to show contempt and discriminated against them at every given opportunity. There were very few black soldiers who fought side by side in Pacific or other war theatres. However, they proved to be very good organizers, and they changed the results in allies favour with their ingenuity. However, they were also discriminated against by the people whom they defended in Europe as well as in Pacific (Jefferson). The main aspect of life where the attitude towards the race affected in war was the indifference shown by the large number of members from ethnic minorities in America. There were very few people who were interested in joining defense services and serve their country (Jefferson). Most of the veterans who had participated in previous war stayed at home. The soldiers who learned organizational skills in the army used them to organize various movements back home for equal rights and facilities. Jefferson, Robert F. Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry
Police Ethics Essay Example for Free
Police Ethics Essay All professions operate within a certain broad framework of code of ethics. These are rules that govern the conduct of a particular group of professionals, the conduct amongst themselves and most importantly with the rest of the society. Some of these codes of ethics may be legally enforceable and their violation may lead to criminal proceedings instituted against the violator. Contravening of the code of ethics may also lead to an individual’s name being struck off the professionals’ list like in the case of auditors, engineers and accountants amongst others.            The police force has its own distinct code of ethics both implied and express. It is these ethics that regulate the conduct of all law enforcement officers in their day to day running of their duties. These ethics may be unique to one state or universal as they are a product of social and political environment. The United Nations has its own framework of ethics within which the police or law enforcement officers are supposed to operate. These are ethics that have been fine tuned and can be universally applied (United Nations, 1989).            Police is a broad term used to denote all officers mandated to enforce the law, officers that can make arrests as well as detain a suspect.            It is agreeable that police officers are charged with the delicate duty of maintaining law and order. In the course of maintaining such order, they are bound to come across various challenges and impediments that may make them compromise their legal duties. Police exist in an environment filled with suspicion and hostility and with the powers they possess; they are likely to intimidate the rest of the citizens. They also have discretionary powers as it is not possible to spell out and dictate in the law how a certain issue is to be handled. They are expected to make split decision over who is innocent and who needs to be questioned (Hirst, M.J., 1990).            To carry out these duties, they are governed by professional ethics that guide them when carrying out their duties. In the process of carrying out these duties, police officers are expected to uphold and protect the human rights of the civilians and suspects. This is in conformity to both the national and international law. Their duty is to safeguard the interests of the public and assist public officials in the execution of their duties. These duties and responsibilities should be carried out in line with the laid procedures. Objectivity and fairness are two key ideals that should be upheld and personal interests should not conflict the efficiency in carrying out of such responsibilities.            Key to police ethics is the issue of discrimination. Police officers and other law enforcement officers are expected to carry out their duties indiscriminately. They are guided by the law and it should not be applied selectively. Gender, race, social and political status, creed or ethnic background should not be used as a basis to accord somebody harsh or preferential treatment. Almost all professions are expected to uphold confidentiality in their interactions with the public. Police officers too are not expected to reveal private details not unless it has been established that publicizing such details will help in the line of duty, for example in apprehending a suspect. The procedures and operations of the police officers should remain within the forces precincts as the release of such information can lead to jeopardizing of important missions. Every police officer is hence bound to confidentiality. No data regarding the police should be released to another party without proper authorization (Miller, S. et al, 1997.)            Police officers are expected to use reasonable force in carrying out their duties. This however does not extend to malicious damage to property, unwarranted harassment of the pubic and any other measures that are not within the precincts of what is unavoidable in the line of duty. The force applied should not go beyond what is necessary and reasonable in carrying out such kind of an activity. The police ethics are against the subjection of suspected criminals to brutality that is outside the stipulations of the law.            Hierarchy in the police force is legally and ethically emphasized. Orders and commands in the force always take downward route. As long as the orders given are lawful and do not contravene the ethics, an officer is under obligation carry them out. The superiors on the other hand are expected to have full responsibility of the actions of their juniors in regard to the instruction that they have issued. Codes of ethics also do not allow police officers to accept gifts that are attached to their work, in case of such an offer; they are expected to notify their superiors.            It is also against police ethics for officers to carry out investigations into issues that they have personal connections with unless such involvement is not likely to have a bearing on the investigations.            Objectivity is to be upheld at all times. As far as suspects are concerned, police ethics require the officers to treat suspects humanely in the knowledge that they are innocent until proven guilty. There should also be enough grounds to necessitate the arrests of such suspects (Bracey, D.H, 1992).            Like in any other profession, personal feelings and prejudices are bound to get into the way of efficiency and professionalism. Law enforcement officers sometimes find themselves in ethical dilemmas.            There are four classifications of dilemmas; among these discretion and loyalty are the most common. Police are allowed discretionary authority in their line of duty. These are powers to choose the most appropriate decision to make in a specific case. This is where personal intuition comes at play and in many cases lead to selective application of the law. A policeman is supposed to chose who to charge with a certain crime and who to leave. In making such a decision, personal preferences and prejudices may impede on the process of making of the right judgment as required by law. This is a very common dilemma (Blalock, J., 1992.).            Blacks and Hispanic community have been complaining of harassment by the police. The crime rates in the United States are that these two communities have a high prevalence rate in crime, with such a notion in the back of a policeman mind; an officer is bound to have a clouded judgment in his view of any person from these communities. With his or her discretionary authority, a police officer is more likely to arrest a black in the midst of whites in case of a fracas more than he would to a white who is amongst blacks.            Personal interests are also likely to stand in the way of executing proper judgments. This is complicated by the temptation to take bribes. It is against police ethics and also against the law for police officers to solicit or accept a bribe. References Hirst, M.J., 1990. Setting the Standards for Policing: Meeting Community Expectations, London, Association of Chief Police Officers. United Nations, 1989. United Nations Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, New York Miller, Seumas, Blackler, John, Alexandra, Andrew, 1997. Police Ethics, Sydney: Allen Unwin.. Blalock, J., 1992. Mismanagement and Corruption. Police Studies 15(4). Bracey, D.H, 1992. Police Corruption and Community Relations: Community Policing. Police Studies 15(4).
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